Many people peel fruits and vegetables before eating them, but removing the outer layer can also remove some of the food's fiber and plant compounds. Whether a peel belongs on the plate depends on the produce, its condition and how it is prepared.

A practical starting pointUse intact, fresh produce; rinse it thoroughly under running water; and remove damaged areas. Not every peel is edible, so use ordinary culinary guidance for unfamiliar foods.
Red and green apples showing their colorful skins
01

Key in on color

The pigments in produce contribute much of its visual variety, and skins are often among the most colorful parts. Those colors can indicate the presence of plant compounds, although no single color or food provides everything a varied diet needs.

Whole potatoes with their skins intact
02

Find fiber benefits

Many vegetable skins provide insoluble fiber, which contributes to bowel regularity. Apple skin and the fruit beneath it also contribute dietary fiber. Increase fiber gradually and drink enough fluid if your usual intake is low.

Whole red apples with unpeeled skins
03

Keep useful plant compounds

Apple skins contain antioxidant compounds, but laboratory findings about isolated cells do not establish that a particular food prevents cancer in people. Whole fruit can still be a useful part of a varied eating pattern.

Clean unpeeled potatoes ready for cooking
04

Use potato skins thoughtfully

Potato skin contributes fiber, while the whole potato supplies nutrients including iron and potassium. Discard potatoes that are extensively green, bitter, damaged or heavily sprouted rather than assuming that peeling alone makes them suitable to eat.

Fresh vegetables being rinsed with clean water
05

Wash, prepare and enjoy

Rinse produce under running water before cutting or eating it. Rub firm produce with clean hands or use a clean produce brush. Soap and household detergents are not intended for washing food. Drying with a clean cloth or paper towel can further reduce material on the surface.

Keep personal needs in viewPeople with swallowing difficulties, digestive conditions, food allergies or medically prescribed diets may need different preparation advice. A qualified clinician or dietitian can provide individual guidance.